[chbot] Chchrobotics Digest, Vol 218, Issue 9

[Bevin Brett]

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 >> Rudy talked about NB-IOT issues associated with water meters.

https://www.zpmeter.com/What-makes-ultrasonic-water-meters-accurate-for-water-measurement

"Recent industry studies confirm ultrasonic water meters maintain ±1% accuracy across their full operating range, including intermittent low-flow conditions common in residential or commercial settings. Mechanical alternatives, while achieving ±1% accuracy at installation, degrade to ±5–20% within 2–3 years due to wear—a problem eliminated in solid-state ultrasonic designs."

"Ultrasonic water meters require 10 pipe diameters of straight run upstream and 5 diameters downstream to establish laminar flow conditions essential for accurate measurements. Misalignment causes swirling currents that distort the ultrasonic signal path, with field tests showing 14% measurement errors in turbulent flows"

"Pressure fluctuations exceeding ±15 psi can alter water density enough to cause 1.2% volumetric errors in ultrasonic readings"

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